Power Integrity

thumb

Why On-Die Power-Rail Measurements are Important

For this project, we will use an Atmel 328 microcontroller demo board, prepared with firmware to control it explicitly for our purposes, and with coaxial cables connected between the I/O pins and the input to the active probes of the scope. This interconnect provides a high bandwidth transmission line path for the signals.


Read More
bandwidth blog thumb

Bandwidth, Current Load and Power-Rail Measurements

How do you achieve high bandwidth in your measurements while minimizing current load on your DUT? Given that your DUT is a power rail, you really don't want to draw too much current from it., or your measurement system will distort the rail. But these two measurement criteria are at loggerheads with each other. It's a quandary, and it has to do with the fundamental nature of signals on interconnects.


Read More
thumb

Mitigate RF Pickup In Power Rails

Measuring the noise on a power rail seems to be a straightforward task. However, there are some basic pitfalls that can cause incorrect, or even downright strange, results. Let's look at one of these challenges: RF pickup. We'll demonstrate the effect of RF pickup on a power-rail measurement, and then we'll show you an effective means of mitigating that effect.


Read More
thumb

Overview and Comparison of Power Converter Stability Metrics

Power conversion circuits with control loop(s) are everywhere in electronic systems. We must establish stability and performance metrics for control loops and their circuits. However, generally accepted metrics may not be good enough. Is a crossover frequency with 45 degrees of phase margin and 10 dB of gain margin enough? How can we relate phase margin to peaking in the impedance profile and transient noise requirements? This article aims to answer these and other questions.


Read More
Thumbnail

Characterizing and Selecting the VRM

VRMs and VRM controllers are often selected based on size, efficiency, price, or a relationship with the manufacturer. This often leads to a poor VRM selection, requiring additional engineering resources, greater time to market, as well as, higher BOM costs to correct the deficiencies. In this article, we evaluate the choices, define some useful figures of merit, and provide specific selection suggestions.


Read More
thumb

Target Impedance Limitations and Rogue Wave Assessments on PDN Performance

A common design technique for power distribution networks (PDN) is the determination of the peak distribution bus impedance that will assure that the voltage excursions on the power rail will be maintained within allowable limits, generally referred to as the target impedance. In theory, the allowable target impedance is determined by dividing the tolerable voltage excursion by the maximum change in load current.


Read More